Resize VirtualBox vmdk disk

(From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11659005/how-to-resize-a-virtualbox-vmdk-file)

VBoxManage clonehd "source.vmdk" "cloned.vdi" --format vdi
VBoxManage modifyhd "cloned.vdi" --resize 51200
VBoxManage clonehd "cloned.vdi" "resized.vmdk" --format vmdk

Migrate VMWare box to VirtualBox

(from http://ctors.net/2014/07/17/vmware_to_virtualbox)

The instructions below will guide you through the converting process.

VMWare

• Boot the VM
• Uninstall vmware tools
• Shutdown
• Edit VM settings -> remove the HD
• Edit the_machine.vmdk
• change ddb.adapterType from "buslogic" or "lsilogic" to "ide"
• Edit VM settings -> add an HD, type IDE from existing file the_machine.vmdk
• Boot the VM
• Shutdown

Now you can convert the box from VMWare to Open Virtualization Format.

$ ovftool -o the_machine.vmx the_machine.ovf Opening VMX source: the_machine.vmx Opening OVF target: the_machine.ovf Writing OVF package: the_machine.ovf Transfer Completed Completed successfully

VirtualBox

The last step is to import the OFV in VirtualBox and install guest additions.

• File -> import appliance -> the_machine.ovf
• VM settings -> storage -> add attachment -> CD drive
• Boot the VM
• install guest additions from CD

Windows Explorer history - how to modify the Previous Locations pulldown

I've gotten frustrated that I can not control the list of entries in the "Previous Locations" pulldown in Windows Explorer.  Finally figured out how...

Using regedit, edit the following location:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Explorer\TypedPaths

Modify the value of the entries in that folder accordingly.

myCloud - configure ssh access for non-root users

From a post in a forum:

- Enable ssh:
http://<mybooklive>/UI/ssh

- Create shares, users, set passwords and permissions via dashboard

- Allow Users to SSH:
edit file /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Change "AllowUsers" line by adding user names such as:
AllowUsers root user1 user2

- Optional: Set users home dir: edit file /etc/passwd
The following will set home dir to "Public"
Change from "/shares:/bin/sh" to "/shares/Public:/bin/sh"

- Restart ssh deamon or reboot:
/etc/init.d/ssh restart

Test ssh for your users within the home network. If all works, then proceed to:
- Set your router to forward port TCP 22
- Set DDNS on your router

BGinfo display only active IP address

One of the pains of using BGinfo is that it lists too many non functional IP addresses.  To solve this (partly), this post talks about using a custom entry:

http://www.renjithmenon.com/how-to-set-bginfo-to-display-only-the-active-network-cards-ip-address/

This, for me, is only a partial solution as I want to show only the active network card information for things like the DNS, Subnet etc.  To do this, I created custom fields in BGinfo and (sort of replaced) the existing fields.

Here are the details:

I clicked Custom > New > WMI Query > Browse.  For the Identified (name) I use the same name as exists, but I do 2 things differently so that I don't overwrite the existing BGinfo entry.  First, I use 2 spaces in the name.  This means the identifier looks the same, but doesn't replace it. So now, in the list of fields, it appears as though there are 2 IP Address entries.  The seocnd thing I do so that I can tell the different in I use a lower case letter for the second word.  Therefore, I have an "IP Address" entry and a "IP  address".  The now look very similar, but I can tell the difference.

At this point, you can build the necessary query string using the interface to (first) select the right WMI Class (Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration) and (second) select the Class Property (for example IPAddress).  At this point, click Evaluate to see the list (since there are multiple IP addresses).

Next, limit the list using the WHERE clause.  For example, in my case the only IP addresses I want happen to be both active as well as have DHCP enabled.  So I use:

SELECT IPAddress FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration Where IPEnabled=True and DHCPEnabled=True

For me, this returns just the IP address I'm interested in.  I replace the "IP Address" entry in BGinfo with my "IP  address" entry.

I create the following custom entries:

• DNS  server - SELECT DNSServerSearchOrder FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration Where IPEnabled=True and DHCPEnabled=True
• IP  address - SELECT IPAddress FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration Where IPEnabled=True and DHCPEnabled=True
• Network  card - SELECT Description FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration Where IPEnabled=True and DHCPEnabled=True
• Subnet  mask - SELECT IPSubnet FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration Where IPEnabled=True and DHCPEnabled=True

Here is the end result:

Here is the bgi file that was saved: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B35FDpn8GEl0RFhTZExIdjlRQm8/edit?usp=sharing

Mount ftp site as nfs mount point

For numerous purposes, not least of which is using rsync for backups.  Here is an article:

http://pingbin.com/2012/01/howto-rsync-backup-ftp-server/

Here is the short version:

• apt-get install curlftpfs
• mkdir /mnt/backup_server
• emacs /etc/fstab
• add the following line(s):

#curlftpfs#user:pass@ip-address /local/directory fuse rw,allow_other,uid=user-id 0 0
curlftpfs#pingbin:1234@10.0.0.1 /mnt/backup_server fuse rw,allow_other,uid=1000 0 0

•  mount /mnt/backup_server

Adding NFS entry to myCloud

Mounting an nfs volume on my Ubuntu VM (where I am running ownCloud) to access data on myCloud:

mkdir  /shared

mount yourMyCloudIP:/nfs /shared

emacs etc/fstab

add these lines at the end of fstab file:

#Entry for MyCloud NFS
yourMyCloudIP:/nfs /shared nfs default 0 0

save and exit editor.

Lenovo W530 - webcam doesn't work

The webcam keeps disappearing from the OS and from Skype.  It comes up with a message saying that the camera is in use by another application.

I've read a number of posts in the various Lenovo forums, and they indicate that lots of others are having similar issues.  Typically I'm able to fix this by going into Fn-F6 and tweaking something in there... but that is no longer working for me (the dialog no longer comes up).

So:

- to manually bring up that dialog, instead us Start > Lenovo - Web Conferencing or Start > Communications.

(still testing these to see if they help)

- Set the privacy to Normal

- Disable Activate Camera Plus (under Detailed settings)

Fix waiting / hung installs on iOS / iPhone / iPad

Several times, our old iPads get stuck updating their apps.  The application get into a state where they are waiting to be updated, but no progress is being made.  There seems to be no way to 'kick-start' them either.  Reboots don't help.

I've only figured out two 'fixes':

- Delete the offending app and re-install.  Of course this means you lose all of your state (not a good thing).

- Use a free application called i-FunBox.  This gives you direct access to the iPad file system (caveat emptor - you risk breaking things).  Plug in the iPad and run i-FunBox.  In the left most tab (iFunbox Classic), browse to iPad > Raw File System > Downloads... delete all the contents.  Finally, reboot the iPad.

That should do it...

Windows custom hotkeys / shortcut keys

Trying to create hotkeys for things within Windows 7.  According to the docs, it seems as though you should be able to create a shortcut to the executable and add shortcut keys.  Not so much...

This seems to work OK when you have your shortcut on the desktop.  But, if that shortcut is moved of just created in another location, no such luck... the shortcut keys no longer work.

I found the post below which provides a suggestion, an explanation and some discussion.  In short:

Create a folder called:

C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\_hotkeys

Hotkey assignments within shortcuts in there are remembered/restored at next login.

http://www.sevenforums.com/customization/34091-custom-keyboard-shortcut-key-not-working-properly-2.html

Installing packages on myCloud

I really like my new WD myCloud and all that it can do.  But I really don't like the fact that emacs was not included on the base Debian OS.

So, the question is, how to install a new package on Debian.  Here is an example of getting emacs installed on the myCloud.  

First connect with ssh as root.

> apt-get update 

> apt-get install emacs

The first command updates the list of packages the system knows about.  The list is defined by the list of source in the file /etc/apt/sources.list.

vi cheat-sheet

As much as a loath the vi editor (clearly emacs is FAR superior), here is a decent cheat-sheet to cover the basics:

http://www.atmos.albany.edu/daes/atmclasses/atm350/vi_cheat_sheet.pdf

XP activation key warnings issue - solution

The DETAILS:

- rename C:\WINDOWS\system32\WgaLogon.dll    to C:\WINDOWS\system32\_WgaLogon.dll  (or anything)

- rename C:\WINDOWS\system32\WgaTray.exe   to     C:\WINDOWS\system32\_WgaTray.exe  (or anything)

- reboot

Setting up RDP on a different (non standard port)

If you want/need to set up RDP on a non standard port, here is how.

Why would you want to?  Perhaps you have a number of machines behind a NAT router that need to use port forwarding.

The standard port for RDP is going to be 3389.

1 - Start by enabling RDP on the local machines:

• Right-click on My Computer > Properties
• In left nav bar, click Remote settings
• In the Remote tab, select Allow connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop
• Click OK.

2 - At this point, RDP is enabled.  Now change the default port by editing the system registry.

• Start regedit: Start > run regedit.exe
• Navigate to:
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp
• Edit the key: PortNumber 
• Change the value accordingly
• Reboot the computer

3 - Deal with any firewall issues.  Either make sure your firewall is off OR make sure that the ports that are using are allowed through the OS firewall.  If you are using the Windows firewall, you can add a new inbound rule like this:

• Start > Firewall with Advanced Security on Local Computer
• Select Inbound Rules on the left
• Click New Rule... on the right
• Go through the wizard: select Port as the rule type and specify the port value

4 - The next step is to access the system.  Bring up the Remote Desktop client and specify the IP address along with the port in the form <ip>:<port>.  In the example below, the port is 3390.

5 - Finally, if necessary, configure your router to do the appropriate port forwarding based on the specific port. (those steps are going to be dependent on the router and are not documented here)

Headphone volume gets reduced

On occasion, I find that the volume on my USB headphones gets reduced... I can not get them to go to the real max volume.  

A number of things can cause this, but one fix that I've used is the following:

• Go to the Sounds interface
• Select the sound device in question and click Properties 
• On the Levels tab, set level to 100%
• On the Enhancements tab, enable Loudness Equalization
• Click Apply

That sound increase (at least in some cases) the max volume of your device.

Adding RHEL6 installation DVD as yum repository

In building a RHEL6 VM (VMware Workstation), I wanted to define the install DVD ISO as a yum repository.

• Mount the ISO through workstation as a DVD

• Verify your path to the disk.  Easiest way... try right-clicking on the DVD desktop icon and select "Open in Terminal".  Use pwd to see the path.

• Create the file /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

      [RHEL6-DVD-Server] 

      mediaid=xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx

      name=RHEL6 DVD Server

      baseurl=file:///media/RHEL_6.0\ x86_64\ Disc\ 1/Server

      enabled=1

      gpgcheck=1

• Replace xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx with number in /path/to/DVD/.discinfo

      # cat /media/RHEL_6.0\ x86_64\ Disc\ 1/.discinfo

      1285193176.460470

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0

      x86_64

      1

• rpm --import /path/to/DVD/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

      rpm --import /media/RHEL_6.0\ x86_64\ Disc\ 1/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

At this point, the yum repository should be visible and ready to use.  Try the following commands to confirm:

• yum repolist
• yum grouplist

Building a new RHEL6 VM using kickstart

There are main things I need here:

1. A new VM -  Pretty easy, just use workstation and create a new VM without installing the OS.  
2. The RHEL6 install disk - Mount the RHEL6 install disk ISO in the new VM.  
3. The kickstart file - this is the tricky part.  Two things are critical here... a) the kickstart cfg file needs to be accessible to the new VM, and b) the kickstart cfg file needs to define where to get the install bit. 

To address the first issue (a), the simplest way to tackle this is to create a kickstart cfg file and make it available locally on the network via http.  I did this by bringing up a second VM and simply using a local httpd and copying the ks.cfg into the htdocs directory.

To address the second issue (b), the kickstart file needs to point the installer to the repo (or DVD) with the RHEL6 install bits.  As mentioned above in point 2, the disk was already made available through the virtual DVD (it could also be made available through the httpd that is being used for the ks.cfg file).  But just because the ISO is available doesn't mean that kickstart knows to use it.  So, if the following line is part of the ks.cfg file, kickstart will look to the local booted source as the DVD.

    #repo --name="Red Hat Enterprise Linux"  --baseurl=file:///mnt/source --cost=100

You are now ready to start the kickstart process.

• Boot the new VM (off of the DVD ISO - use F2 to set the boot order)
• On the screen where you are given a choice of where to boot from or where to install from, accept the first option "Install or upgrade an existing system" and hit TAB to edit the options
• Add the following to the end of the existing line (vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img is already there):
• vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img ks=http://<httpd-ip-addr>/ks.cfg
• Hit enter to continue.
• Accept whatever else the wizard offers you
• Use All Space or Replace Existing Linux

Avoid emacs split window at startup

If the variable inhibit-startup-screen is non-nil, Emacs does not display the startup screen.

Set the setting in your .emacs file. 

(setq inhibit-startup-screen t)

Remote restart of a windows machine

ssh <user>@<host>

# restart with a force

shutdown -r -f  0

# possibly -t 0 instead of just 0

# show all and Windows process

ps -aW 

# kill the winlogon process ???

/bin/kill -f <pid>

mv numerous files at once

Or...

   for file in * ; do mv $file `echo $file | sed -e 's/AAA-\(.*\)_\(.*\).txt/AAA-\2-\1.txt/'`; done 

(for help understanding... http://www.daemonforums.org/showthread.php?t=2565)

Securing FTP (ftpes) using filezilla (client & server)

Using standard FTP is generally speaking a really bad idea from a security perspective.  The issue, among other things, is that the userid and password are sent over the network in clear text.  This means anyone sniffing the network now has complete access to your account.

To solve this, use either sftp or ftps.  Both use SSL to help secure the connection.  There are arguments for either sftp or ftps, but I will describe setting up ftps because it is rather simple and easy to install/configure.

This setup uses both the filezilla server and the filezilla client.  Part 1 describe configuring the ftpd (the server or daemon).  Part 2 describes how to set up the client.

Part 1: the server

Configure the server for SSL support:

1. Download and install the filezilla server.  Use google to find the download site.
1. You will probably want to set this up to "Install as a service, start with Windows"
2. Bring up the Filezilla Server, and open Edit > Setting
3. Under General settings, choose a non-default port (adds security): 2121
4. Under General settings > Welcome message, alter the welcome message as you desire.  This is the message that is displayed to the incoming client requests.
5. Under Passive mode settings:
• Select "Use custom port range" and enter a range (for example 54054 - 54084)
• Select "Use the following IP" and enter your hostname 
• This should be your external hostname assuming you are using DDNS
• You then need to configure port forwarding for the port you previously specified [2121] and the port range to this host's local IP address
6. Under SSL/TLS settings, select "Enable FTP over SSL/TLS support (FTPS) and click "Generate new certificate..."
1. In the dialog box, enter "US" for the country code
2. Click Browse next to Save key and certificate to this file".  Browse to "C:\Program Files (x86)\FileZilla Server" and click Save.  Click "Gernerate certificate".
3.  Fill in whatever other fields you wish
4.  and click "Generate certificate"
5. Back on the SSL/TLS settings screen, select both "Allow explicit FTP over TLS" and "Disallow plain unencrypted FTP"
7. Click OK
8. Restart the server

Configure the filewall.  If you have a filewall running on the server machine, you will need to create the appropriate rules to allow your ports in.  Those steps will depend on the specific firewall software being used.

Assuming the Windows firewall on Windows 7, here are the steps I followed:

1. Start -> Windows Firewall with Advanced Security
2. Inbound Rules
3. New Rule...
4. Select Port, click Next
5. Select Specific local ports" and enter "2121, 54054-54084"  (matching the ports for the server above).  Click Next
6. Select "Allow the connection", click Next
7. Select all options for "When does this rule apply" and click Next
8. Provide a name (for example ftpes), click Finish

Create your user account (at least one account):

1. Edit > Settings > Users
2. Click Add to create the user
3. Enter a username and click OK
4. Select the Password checkbox and enter a password
5. Check "Force SSL for user login"
6. Click Shared folders on the left
7. Click Add to create the home directory and browse to the location you want to assign as the users home directory.  Click OK
• Add any aliases to point at other disks or directories as needed
8. Select the user permission (leave the default settings for read-only access or select all for read/write access)
9. Click OK

Part 2: the client

Install the filezilla client

1. Download and install the filezilla client.  Use google to find the download site.
2. Run the install and accept all the defaults

Connect from the client to the server over SSL

1. Start the filezilla client
2. Enter ftpes::/<hostname or ipaddress> into the Host field
3. Enter the username and passwords
4. Enter the port you defined in the server in the port field
5. Press enter

Checking what memory your system has

Use the web site www.crucial.com.  Click on the memory tab and run their memory tool.  This shows the number of slots and what memory they have in them.

Installing cygwin - which packages I choose

Every time I install cygwin, I struggle to remember which packages I select.  So here is that start of a list (which will get updated over time):

• emacs
• ssh
• ssl
• xdmcp
• wget
• bash
• ncurses
• inetutils
• rsync
• curl

Cygwin - setting up sshd as service

The following article goes through the process of setting up cygwin's sshd as a service:

How To Get SSH Command-Line Access to Windows 7 Using Cygwin

http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/41560/how-to-get-ssh-command-line-access-to-windows-7-using-cygwin/

The short version:

• Install cygwin - include ssh
• Run terminal (as administrator)
• run ssh-host-config and go through questions
• Start service (either reboot or "net start sshd")

To uninstall the service, use the rollowing command:

cygrunsrv -R sshd

-------------------

Some additional notes for setting up on XP:

http://mugurel.sumanariu.ro/linux/steps-to-setting-up-cygwin-and-the-sshd-service-for-windows-xp/ 

Setting up client access to use keys instead of passwords:

http://www.teachmejoomla.net/code/misc/authentication-without-password-with-ssh-and-rsync.html